_Towing_ is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by means of long
lines, &c.
_Timoneer_, from the French _timonnier_, is a name given, on particular
occasions, to the steersman of a ship.
_Bars_ are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the surge of the
sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great rivers or havens,
and often render navigation extremely dangerous.
_The Ox-Eye_, so called by seamen, is a remarkable appearance in the
heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and always precedes two
particular storms, known only between the tropics.
_Azimuth-Compass_ is an instrument employed for ascertaining the sun's
magnetical azimuth.
_Studding-Sails_ are long and narrow, and are used only in fine weather,
on the outside of the large square sails.
_Stay-Sails_ have three corners, and are hoisted up on the stays when
the wind crosses the ship.
_Broaching-to_ is a sudden movement in navigation, when the ship, while
scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side to windward.
_Wales_ are a number of strong and thick planks, covering the lower part
of the ship's side.
_Scud_ is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds; which are mostly
observed in squally weather.
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